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Mesothelioma Misconceptions

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Medical Timeline

Provided below is a timeline of key developments and milestones that occurred in the history of mesothelioma, an asbestos related disease from a medical perspective. We hope that you will find this information useful.

Year	Author	Description of Text
1879		insulation material and products containing asbestos are manufactured for commercial use.
1899	Murray	abstract entitled "Curious Bodies" describes the first reported case of asbestosis
1906	Auribault	Asbestos fibers found to be a contributing factor in the deaths of 50 people; First instance of asbestos-related lung disease identified.
1918	Hoffman	United States Dept of Labor publication reports - "urgent need for more extensive investigation...."
1924-27	Cooke	The first case of "asbestosis" is documented in British Literature.
1928-29	Seiller; Haddow	Report indicated that four deceased individuals were age 41, on average, at the time of death
1920-29		More than 25 asbestos related articles are published
1930	Mereweather & Price	Out of 363 asbestos textile mill workers 26% (95) were diagnosed with asbestosis; length and level of exposure are considered factors in developing the disease.
1930	International Labor Office, Geneva Encyclopedia, Occupation & Health	"more accurate and thorough research must become available in medical literature as it pertains to industries that utilize asbestos containing products. More and more industries are using asbestos so there is an increased sense of urgency with which we must act."
1930-31	Soper; Panacost & Pendergrass	The mesothelioma latency period is found to be long. Disease may not develop for up to 25 years after exposure stops. The disease will continue to progress despite discontinued exposure.
1931	Lynch & Smith	172 documented medical cases are found in publications
1931	Wood & Gloyne	Working with asbestos laden insulation even in a "sawyer" occupation can lead to Asbestosis
1933	Ellman	First documented case of asbestosis found in a U.S. insulation worker
1933	Donnelly	Even brief exposure to asbestos can be considered an industrial hazard. Chemical plants, power plants and other asbestos jobsites do not offer adequate protection against asbestos exposure to workers.
1933-34	Mereweather	Workers in mills and manufacturing plant face grave risk and almost certain death due to asbestos exposure.
1934	Wood & Gloyne	Initial 100 cases of asbestosis are reviewed including individuals who worked outdoors, in an office and one who was a boiler-riveter. Two cases involved fatal lung cancer.
1935	Lanza	126 people who worked in either U.S. mines or mills were randomly selected to take a physical exam. All had in excess of three years exposure to dust. 67 individuals were found to have asbestosis.
1934-35	Dept. of Labor, Commonwealth of Penn. Special Bulletin I, II & III	Published bibliography references 125 articles. Clear correlation between dust measurement and incidence of asbestos cancer identified (8% disease at 5 mppcf, 22% at 17mppcf, 57% at 44 mppcf); 25% survival rate identified for asbestosis victims.
1935	Lynch & Smith	First instances of lung cancer and asbestosis in the U.S. were documented.
1936	Donnelly	Asbestosis becoming a more serious issue for workers. Work hazards are not being sufficiently addressed. 34% of workers are developing life threatening illness; The more workers exposed, the more reported cases of asbestosis seen.
1936-38	Egbert; Nordmann, British Factory Inspectorate Report	More instances of lung cancer seen in asbestosis-related illness.
1938	Dreessen	U.S.P.H.S. study -- Until further research is conducted, the maximum dust level value is established at 5 mppcf
1938	Lanza	The British implement 1931 regulations to manufacturing facilities and mills where asbestos containing products were made or sold.
1930-39		More than 150 articles are published
1941	Kuhn	German shipyard work performing insulation duties develops asbestosis and is compensated with disability money.
1942	Holleb	Two insulation workers develop lung cancer.
1942	Hueper	A published book that examines tumors that have links to certain occupational work suggesting that lung cancer is linked to asbestos exposure on the job.
1942		Asbestosis and lung cancer are considered diseases for which workers are entitled to compensation in Germany.
1943	Hueper	Workers need to be better educated on the occupational risks of asbestos exposure and links to lung cancer with asbestosis.
1943	Welder	First pleural mesothelioma case reported
1946	Fleischer	3 shipyards are examined by the U.S. Navy. It was noted that elevated dust levels existed when cutting, sawing and mixing asbestos products; asbestos disease likely in workers who perform these functions; 3 instances of asbestosis identified out of 51 men with more than 10 years time working in the shipyards.
1946	ACGIH	Updated a list of MAC values to reflect 5 mppcf (known as TLVs beginning in 1949)
1947	Mereweather	13% of individuals (31/235)who died of asbestosis were examined during autopsy and found to have lung cancer. Only 1% of lung cancer cases were found in silicotics.
1949	AMA Editorial	Spotlight attention needed on the increasing rates of occupational related cancer deaths.
1940-49		More than 50 new articles published
1951	1949 Factory Inspectorate Report (Great Britain)	Discusses the need for workers to be aware of potential risks associated with using burlap packaging in factories.
1953	Weiss	First documented case of mesothelioma in an insulation worker
1955	Doll	Textile workers with more than twenty years asbestos exposure found to have high mortality rate. Out of 113 textile employees, 39 people died. 11 had lung cancer
1955	McLaughlin	Great Britain seeing an increase in the reported number of cases of asbestosis especially among insulation workers
1955	Schepers	Documentation showing a link between asbestosis in animals and exposure to products that contain asbestos.
1956	Frost	22 out of 31 workers in Denmark with over 20 years experience have abnormal medical conditions after working with insulation products.
1958	Van Der Shoot	Insulation work in a Dutch refinery develops Pleural mesothelioma.
1950-59		More than 125 publications
1960	Wagner	Strong correlation between mesothelioma and occupational or environmental asbestos exposure. 32 out of 33 people diagnosed with mesothelioma were exposed to asbestos.
1960	Kiviluoto	Mine and mill worker showing higher incidence of pleural calcifications.
1960-63	Eisenstadt, Wilson, McCaughey, Wade, Elmes, Castleman, Kibbee	Documented case profiles of workers in the US and Great Britain that developed mesothelioma after being exposed to asbestos on the job.
1963	Mancuso	Asbestos plant workers in the U.S. show higher death rates.
1964	Marr	6 shipyard workers developed asbestosis; industrial study conducted to review dust levels - found some instances where levels exceeded TLV. Work environment appeared excessively dusty during sawing operations.
1964	Selikoff	Review of insulation workers with occupational asbestos exposure uncovers links to excessive asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma fatalities. Review looks at 1,117 workers.
1965	Newhouse	9 instances of Mesothelioma diagnosis in family members of asbestos workers who received second hand exposure.
1965	McVittie	Insulation workers in reported 41% of new asbestosis cases between 1955 and 1963; 21% worked in textile industries.
1960-69		More than 200 publications

Source

HealthDangers.com - History of Asbestos
http://www.healthdangers.com/toxic-substances/asbestos/history-of-asbestos.htm

Common Mesothelioma Misspellings

Mesothelioma is a commonly misspelled word. Below are some common permutations of the word's spelling. As we continue to find new misspellings, we will continue to add them to this list.

• Measothelioma
• Measothlioma
• Mefothelioma
• Memothelioma
• Meothelyoma
• Mesaltheleoma
• Mesathelioma
• Mesathemoia
• Mesatheoma
• Meselthelioma
• Mesethilioma
• Mesiotheleoma
• Mesiothelioma
• Mesiothioma
• Mesiothleoma
• Mesitheleoma
• Meslothilioma
• Meslothioma
• Meslthelioma
• Mesofelioma
• Mesofylioma
• Mesolioma
• Mesolthilioma
• Mesomethiloma
• Mesopheleoma
• Mesophelioma

• Mesopheloma
• Mesophilianoma
• Mesophilioma
• Mesophylyoma
• Mesoplilioma
• Mesotelioma
• Mesothaalioma
• Mesothaleoma
• Mesotheioma
• Mesothelanoma
• Mesotheleoma
• Mesotheliomia
• Mesothelione
• Mesotheliopma
• Mesotheloma
• Mesothelomia
• Mesotheolima
• Mesotheoloma
• Mesothileoma
• Mesothilioma
• Mesothlioma
• Mesotholoma
• Mesthelioma
• Mezothelioma
• Misothilioma

Source

National Cancer Institute
www.cancer.gov

Mesothelioma Vaccine

Cancer vaccines of any sort generally fall under the broader category of immunotherapy. Vaccines are best described as medicines that are designed to boost the body's natural immune system and protect it against bacteria or viruses that can cause disease. Most individuals are familiar with the vaccines that are administered to babies or young children. They are given to stop the development of certain diseases like whooping cough and tetanus. Cancer vaccines can do that, too; however, there are others that are also designed to keep an existing cancer from spreading. Two mesothelioma prevention cancer vaccines are now available in the U.S. but treatment vaccines are still in the developmental stages and many are currently being tested in clinical trials.
According to the National Cancer Institute, a mesothelioma vaccine - or one that is used for the treatment of any other type of cancer - must achieve two goals. It has to stimulate certain immune responses and direct them against the target, i.e. the cancer cells; and it must be powerful enough to overcome the barriers that cancer cells use to protect themselves from attack. As scientists discover how cancer cells can escape recognition by the body's immune system, they can better develop treatment vaccines that will meet these goals.
In March 2010, a group of Dutch doctors and researchers announced that they had developed the first vaccine for mesothelioma and reported their findings in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. The Dutch vaccine employs the use of tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells to stimulate the immune system, causing the body to produce mesothelioma-specific antibodies.
Treatment with this vaccine on clinical trial participants was achieved via a series of three vaccinations administered intradermally and intravenously over a two week period after mesothelioma chemotherapy. Results showed a positive effect in 80 percent of the individuals who participated. Side effects included a skin rash and flu-like symptoms for approximately 48 hours after the vaccines were given.
The results of the study indicated that the sooner the malignant mesothelioma patient receives the vaccine, the greater the chance of eliminating their disease. It's a very positive step in the right direction for mesothelioma cancer victims worldwide.

Sources

National Cancer Institute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/cancer-vaccines
Birmingham Science News Examiner
http://www.examiner.com/...First-Mesothelioma-vaccine

Child Mesothelioma

Because it has a lengthy latency period and is primarily associated with industrial exposure, mesothelioma is a form of asbestos cancer that is usually suffered by older men; average age at the time of diagnosis is sixty-five.
Malignant mesothelioma is extremely rare in children, but has been known to occur. A study carried out and published in the late 1980s examined eighty children who had been diagnosed with mesothelioma; however, only five percent of these subjects had a known history of asbestos exposure. Of the eighty children studied, four had been knowingly exposed to asbestos, while one had received radiation treatments and another had suffered from prenatal exposure to a drug known as isoniazid, which is used in the treatment of tuberculosis.
It was later determined that only ten of the children actually had mesothelioma cancer; others had been diagnosed with other forms of cancer. Six were boys, and eight had the pleural variety. Two of the children were mesothelioma survivors until the age of nineteen.
In another study, the cases and death certificates of 42,597 children who had died of childhood cancer in the U.S. during the 1960s were examined and reviewed. Of these, only 31 had been diagnosed with mesothelioma disease, and less than half of those could be confirmed by hospital records. Unfortunately, there was no history of asbestos exposure in any of the thirteen confirmed mesothelioma cases.
This does not mean that asbestos played no part in the children's disease; secondary exposure and genetic predisposition all play a large part in mesothelioma, and fetal exposure is not unknown. Childhood mesothelioma however remains the rarest form of this disease.

Sources

Cooper SP, et. al. "Epidemiologic Aspects of Childhood Mesothelioma." Pathology and Immunopathology Research Vol. 8:276-286 (1989)
Fraire AE, et. al. "Mesothelioma of Childhood." Cancer, Volume 62 Issue 4, Pages 838-847 (June 2006)
Grundy, Gordon W., et. al. "Malignant Mesothelioma in Childhood. Report of 13 Cases." Cancer, Volume 30 Issue 5, Pages 1216-1218 (June 2006)

Mesothelioma and Women

Traditionally, malignant mesothelioma is a form of asbestos cancer that affects men much more often then women. This is not because women are less genetically pre-disposed to the disease but merely because, historically, men more often worked at asbestos jobsites that put them in contact with dangerous asbestos. That said, however, mesothelioma disease has indeed been diagnosed in women, though on-the-job exposure is often not the reason for the development of the disease.
Some studies have also demonstrated that women who develop mesothelioma are much more likely to acquire peritoneal mesothelioma, the abdominal form of the disease, with the mesothelioma risk factors increasing five-fold with increasing exposure. This is noted in a study published in the journal, Chest. The reasons why are not clear but studies continue in hopes of discovering the answer to this question.

Reasons for Mesothelioma in Women

Because many women were part of the work force during World War II, some of them were regularly exposed to asbestos in shipyards, factories, and other places where they contributed to the war effort, and some of these women developed mesothelioma. These cases were indeed a result of direct exposure to asbestos.
Many of the women who are diagnosed with mesothelioma, however, have been deemed victims of second-hand asbestos exposure. This means they had no direct exposure to the toxic mineral but were perhaps subject to exposure by an indirect means. Generally, this occurred most often during the years when men worked in chemical plants, oil refineries, power plants, steel mills and factories that made widespread use of asbestos. The men - often husbands or fathers of the women who would later develop mesothelioma - would bring asbestos dust home on their clothes and the fibers would be inhaled by others living in the home. Often, these victims were the women who would wash their clothes. As a matter of fact, a 1997 study conducted by Durham (VA) and Duke University Medical Centers was able to identify a history of asbestos exposure in about 75 percent of the women who participated in their study; more than half of those 75 percent had suffered exposure due to household contact with asbestos workers.
In some cases, though rarely in the United States, women are exposed to naturally-occurring asbestos. This is asbestos that is found in the ground and is usually of the very toxic amphibole variety. This accounts for a high rate of mesothelioma cancer in countries like Turkey and its surrounding areas, where asbestos is abundant.

Sources

Malignant mesothelioma in women. Anat Pathol. 1997;2:147-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9575374